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 In 1827 the botanist, Brown ,observed that pollen  particles in water were in State of rapid random motion in all directions.  This is called the Brownian movement and it continues indefinitely at room temperature. BoylesLaw,:The volume of a given mass of any gas is inversely proportional to its pressure. Charles law: The volume of a  given mass of any gas is proportional to  its Kelvin temperature, pressure is being constant. Gay-Lussac law :When gases react together their volume are in a simple ratio to each other and to the volume of any gaseous product temperature and pressure being constant. Graham's Law: At constant temperature and pressure ,the rated of diffusion  of gas are proportional to  the square root of their density. Avogadro Law: Equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules

Nature of gas:A gas is a form of matter consisting of a collection of very small separate particles (molecules),which in ordinary room conditions temperature and pressure exert only very small forces of attraction on each other. The molecules can separate readily. They are in a state of rapid motion at room temperature and and the average free pathof  a molecule  is very great compared with its  own diameter .A given mass of gas will  diffuse  rapidly to fill a container in which it is placed, the pressure of the gas decrease as the space it occupies become larger.

 What is empirical formula? The empirical formula of a compound is the simplest formula that expresses it composition by mass. What is the molecular formula of a compound? The molecular formula of a compound  states the kind and number of the atoms present in one single molecule of  the compound.

 Define The term Atomic Weight? The atomic weight of an element is the number of times one atom of the element is as heavy as one atom of hydrogen. The equivalent of an element is the number of mass-units(usually grammes) of the element which combine with ,or displace one mass -unit of hydrogen. The Valency of an element is the number of atoms of hydrogen which combine with One atom of the element .

 What is an Atom? An atom is the smallest indivisible part of an element that can exist on its own and still exhibit the property   of that particular element NB atoms cannot be created or destroyed,All atom of the same element are exactly alike in terms of mass and atoms combine together in small whole number

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